Vocal learning as a preadaptation for the evolution of human beat perception and synchronization.

Bibliographic Collection: 
CARTA-Inspired Publication
Publication Type: Journal Article
Authors: Patel, Aniruddh D
Year of Publication: 2021
Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
Volume: 376
Issue: 1835
Pagination: 20200326
Date Published: 2021 Oct 11
Publication Language: eng
ISSN: 1471-2970
Keywords: Adaptation, Biological, Auditory Perception, Cultural Evolution, Humans, Learning, Music, Sound, Voice
Abstract:

The human capacity to synchronize movements to an auditory beat is central to musical behaviour and to debates over the evolution of human musicality. Have humans evolved any neural specializations for music processing, or does music rely entirely on brain circuits that evolved for other reasons? The vocal learning and rhythmic synchronization hypothesis proposes that our ability to move in time with an auditory beat in a precise, predictive and tempo-flexible manner originated in the neural circuitry for complex vocal learning. In the 15 years, since the hypothesis was proposed a variety of studies have supported it. However, one study has provided a significant challenge to the hypothesis. Furthermore, it is increasingly clear that vocal learning is not a binary trait animals have or lack, but varies more continuously across species. In the light of these developments and of recent progress in the neurobiology of beat processing and of vocal learning, the current paper revises the vocal learning hypothesis. It argues that an advanced form of vocal learning acts as a preadaptation for sporadic beat perception and synchronization (BPS), providing intrinsic rewards for predicting the temporal structure of complex acoustic sequences. It further proposes that in humans, mechanisms of gene-culture coevolution transformed this preadaptation into a genuine neural adaptation for sustained BPS. The larger significance of this proposal is that it outlines a hypothesis of cognitive gene-culture coevolution which makes testable predictions for neuroscience, cross-species studies and genetics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology'.

DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0326
Alternate Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci